{"id":14343,"date":"2025-06-12T14:00:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T11:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/?p=14343"},"modified":"2025-06-15T21:26:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T18:26:39","slug":"despre-planurile-moldovei-de-crestere-economica-in-contextul-unei-crize-energetice-prelungite-de-la-dependenta-de-rusia-la-dependenta-de-romania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/despre-planurile-moldovei-de-crestere-economica-in-contextul-unei-crize-energetice-prelungite-de-la-dependenta-de-rusia-la-dependenta-de-romania\/","title":{"rendered":"Despre planurile Moldovei de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 \u00een contextul unei crize energetice prelungite: de la dependen\u021ba de Rusia la dependen\u021ba de Rom\u00e2nia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dependen\u021ba energetic\u0103: De la Rusia la Rom\u00e2nia<\/h3>\n

\u00cen 2024, Moldova a importat din Rom\u00e2nia 99,1% din benzin\u0103, 74,1% din motorin\u0103 \u0219i 69% din gaz lichefiat, ceea ce a f\u0103cut ca \u021bara s\u0103 depind\u0103 aproape \u00een \u00eentregime de vecinul s\u0103u. \u00cen timp ce criticii au subliniat anterior riscurile dependen\u021bei de Gazprom, Rom\u00e2nia, prin intermediul unor companii precum Romgaz, devine acum un nou juc\u0103tor cheie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Astfel, \u00een prim\u0103vara acestui an, Romgaz a anun\u021bat planurile de a deschide o filial\u0103 \u00een Republica Moldova (Romgaz Furnizare M S.R.L.), care va vinde gaze la un pre\u021b de 38 de euro\/MWh \u2013 mai mare dec\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bRom\u00e2nia (120 de lei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti\/MWh). \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, infrastructura de transport, cum ar fi conducta de gaze Ia\u0219i-Ungheni, este gestionat\u0103 de Transgaz, compania rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, iar achizi\u021biile de gaze se fac prin intermediul unei platforme controlate de Bursa Rom\u00e2n\u0103 de M\u0103rfuri.<\/p>\n

Exper\u021bii avertizeaz\u0103: o astfel de dependen\u021b\u0103 nu reduce vulnerabilitatea Republicii Moldova, ci doar \u00eenlocuie\u0219te un furnizor cu altul. \u201ePia\u021ba gazelor naturale din Republica Moldova este 100% dependent\u0103 de importuri, iar orice fluctua\u021bii de pre\u021b \u00een Rom\u00e2nia se vor reflecta automat \u0219i pe pia\u021ba noastr\u0103\u201d, noteaz\u0103 centrul de analiz\u0103 Expert-Grup.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor \u0219i criza energetic\u0103<\/h3>\n

\u00cen aprilie 2025, pre\u021bul benzinei A-95 \u00een Moldova a crescut la 23,6 lei pe litru, iar al motorinei \u2013 la 19,79 lei. Aceasta a fost rezultatul at\u00e2t al tendin\u021belor globale, c\u00e2t \u0219i al competitivit\u0103\u021bii slabe a pie\u021bei locale. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, popula\u021bia \u00ee\u0219i exprim\u0103 deja \u00eengrijorarea: conform sondajului iData Barometer (mai 2025), 67% dintre moldoveni se a\u0219teapt\u0103 la noi cre\u0219teri de pre\u021buri \u00een urm\u0103toarele trei luni.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia cu furnizarea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 este deosebit de alarmant\u0103. Compania \u201eTermoelektrika\u201d, cel mai mare furnizor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 din \u021bar\u0103, se confrunt\u0103 cu o criz\u0103 de amploare. Conform documentelor interne publicate de surse din interior prin scrisori anonime, \u00een 2024 s-au cheltuit 40 de milioane de lei pentru repararea conductelor, dar lucr\u0103rile nu au fost niciodat\u0103 finalizate. \u00cen schimb, licita\u021biile ar fi fost anulate \u00een favoarea companiei \u201eTurbo Energy Power\u201d, asociat\u0103 cu directorul general Iurie Razlovan, acuzat anterior de corup\u021bie \u0219i leg\u0103turi cu oligarhul fugar Plahotniuc. Drept urmare, compania a acumulat datorii de 3 miliarde de lei, iar lipsa pieselor de schimb \u0219i a reactivilor amenin\u021b\u0103 cu \u00eenchiderea centralelor termice pe timpul iernii.<\/p>\n

Probleme structurale ale economiei: diagnostic realizat de Expert-Grup<\/h3>\n

Centrul analitic Expert-Grup afirm\u0103 c\u0103 stagnarea economic\u0103 a Moldovei (\u00een 2024, PIB-ul a crescut cu doar 0,1%) este structural\u0103, nu ciclic\u0103. Cele trei motive principale sunt declinul demografic, deficitul de investi\u021bii \u0219i guvernarea slab\u0103.<\/p>\n

Din 2014, rata de cre\u0219tere a PIB-ului a sc\u0103zut de la 4,6% la 2,2%, ceea ce se datoreaz\u0103 exodului popula\u021biei active. Potrivit exper\u021bilor, zeci de mii de oameni p\u0103r\u0103sesc \u021bara \u00een fiecare an \u00een c\u0103utarea unor salarii mai bune \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. Guvernul, de fapt, nu rezolv\u0103 aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. De\u0219i \u00een 2025 a fost anun\u021bat un plan de investi\u021bii \u00een educa\u021bie (750 de milioane de lei), economistul Veaceslav Ioni\u021b\u0103 critic\u0103: \u201eAceast\u0103 sum\u0103 este de patru ori mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t nevoile reale ale sistemului. Investi\u021biile \u00een educa\u021bie reprezint\u0103 doar 2% din buget, de\u0219i ar trebui s\u0103 fie de cel pu\u021bin 8%.\u201d Drept urmare, \u0219colile \u0219i universit\u0103\u021bile r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eentr-o stare de degradare, iar tinerii continu\u0103 s\u0103 emigreze.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Investi\u021biile publice \u0219i private \u00een Moldova se afl\u0103 la un nivel extrem de sc\u0103zut. Planul de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 aprobat de guvern prevede 3.000 km de drumuri renovate, 35 de \u0219coli \u0219i situri industriale, dar implementarea este \u00eempotmolit\u0103 \u00een birocra\u021bie. De exemplu, un nou site web pentru transparen\u021ba proiectelor (creat pentru 250.000 de lei) a ridicat \u00eentreb\u0103ri: de ce s\u0103 se creeze o platform\u0103 separat\u0103 dac\u0103 toate informa\u021biile sunt deja disponibile pe portalurile de stat? Mai mult, exper\u021bii subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 din cele 750 de milioane de lei alocate pentru educa\u021bie, majoritatea au fost direc\u021bionate c\u0103tre salarii, nu c\u0103tre modernizarea infrastructurii.<\/p>\n

Corup\u021bia \u0219i ineficien\u021ba \u00een management exacerbeaz\u0103 criza. La Termoelektrika, men\u021bionat\u0103 mai sus, scandalurile au ajuns la un punct critic: directorul Iurie Razlovan, demis anterior pentru abuzuri, s-a \u00eentors \u00een func\u021bie dup\u0103 un concurs care a ridicat suspiciuni de incompeten\u021b\u0103. Documentele interne indic\u0103 concedieri \u00een mas\u0103 ale angaja\u021bilor care au criticat managementul \u0219i furtul de metal \u00een valoare de 5 milioane de lei. \u201eNu este vorba doar de un management defectuos \u2013 este o criz\u0103 sistemic\u0103 care submineaz\u0103 \u00eencrederea cet\u0103\u021benilor\u201d, noteaz\u0103 Expert-Grup.<\/p>\n

Context social: ne\u00eencredere \u0219i instabilitate<\/h3>\n

Sondajele de opinie confirm\u0103 ne\u00eencrederea cresc\u00e2nd\u0103. 42% dintre moldoveni consider\u0103 economia stabil\u0103, dar 39% sunt siguri c\u0103 situa\u021bia se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te. 29,2% se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021birea condi\u021biilor de via\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 \u00een lunile urm\u0103toare. Cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor este perceput\u0103 deosebit de acut: 67% dintre responden\u021bi prev\u0103d infla\u021bie, iar 41,7% se tem c\u0103 guvernul nu va face fa\u021b\u0103 crizei energetice.<\/p>\n

Planul de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 al Republicii Moldova, sus\u021binut \u00een martie de UE (grantul a fost majorat la 174 de milioane de euro), vizeaz\u0103 modernizarea infrastructurii \u0219i independen\u021ba energetic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, dependen\u021ba de Rom\u00e2nia, corup\u021bia \u00een sectoare cheie \u0219i lipsa investi\u021biilor pun sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii eficacitatea sa. Dup\u0103 cum a remarcat prim-ministrul Dorin Recean, \u201eace\u0219ti bani sunt o investi\u021bie \u00een viitorul nostru\u201d, dar f\u0103r\u0103 reforme sistemice \u00een guvernare, transparen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 demografic\u0103, Republica Moldova risc\u0103 s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eentr-un cerc vicios al crizelor.<\/p>\n

Iarna 2025-2026 va fi un test pentru \u021bar\u0103. Dac\u0103 Termoelektrika nu \u00ee\u0219i rezolv\u0103 problemele \u0219i pre\u021burile la energie continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103, nemul\u021bumirea social\u0103 ar putea atinge un nou nivel. Guvernul trebuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i schimbe urgent abordarea: de la imitarea reformelor la ac\u021biuni concrete menite s\u0103 reduc\u0103 dependen\u021ba, s\u0103 atrag\u0103 investi\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 restabiliasc\u0103 \u00eencrederea publicului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dependen\u021ba energetic\u0103: De la Rusia la Rom\u00e2nia \u00cen 2024, Moldova a importat din Rom\u00e2nia 99,1% din benzin\u0103, 74,1% din motorin\u0103 \u0219i 69% din gaz lichefiat, ceea ce a f\u0103cut ca \u021bara s\u0103 depind\u0103 aproape \u00een \u00eentregime de vecinul s\u0103u. \u00cen timp ce criticii au subliniat anterior riscurile dependen\u021bei de Gazprom, Rom\u00e2nia, prin intermediul unor companii […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,96],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14343","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analytics","8":"category-analytics-politica"},"yoast_head":"\nDespre planurile Moldovei de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 \u00een contextul unei crize energetice prelungite: de la dependen\u021ba de Rusia la 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