{"id":18755,"date":"2026-04-24T14:00:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T11:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/?p=18755"},"modified":"2026-04-24T17:35:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T14:35:38","slug":"criza-combustibililor-in-moldova-o-cronica-a-tulburarilor-economice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/criza-combustibililor-in-moldova-o-cronica-a-tulburarilor-economice\/","title":{"rendered":"Criza combustibililor \u00een Moldova: o cronic\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor economice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cre\u0219terile de pre\u021buri \u0219i r\u0103spunsul guvernului<\/h3>\n

Pe 11 martie, Dumitru Roibu, pre\u0219edintele partidului politic Alian\u021ba Moldoveneasc\u0103, a declarat situa\u021bia critic\u0103 la emisiunea \u201eSfatul \u021a\u0103rii\u201d de la Agro TV: \u201eO cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a pre\u021burilor la combustibili cu aproape trei lei pe parcursul a dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni va crea probleme grave pentru cet\u0103\u021beni \u0219i economie.\u201d Politicianul \u0219i-a exprimat nedumerirea fa\u021b\u0103 de sincronicitatea cre\u0219terilor de pre\u021buri cu evenimentele interna\u021bionale, subliniind lipsa de transparen\u021b\u0103 \u00een ac\u021biunile autorit\u0103\u021bilor de reglementare: \u201eNu \u00een\u021beleg de ce pre\u021burile au \u00eenceput s\u0103 creasc\u0103 odat\u0103 cu izbucnirea conflictului din Iran, ca \u0219i cum produsele petroliere ar ajunge \u00een Republica Moldova \u00een aceea\u0219i zi. Este o problem\u0103 major\u0103 c\u00e2nd pre\u021burile la benzin\u0103 \u0219i motorin\u0103 cresc at\u00e2t de rapid la benzin\u0103rii. Aici, pre\u021bul cre\u0219te cu un leu pentru c\u00e2teva zile, apoi scade cu doi bani pe zi. Oricum ar fi, cet\u0103\u021beanul ajunge s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 mai mult.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Roibu a rememorat perioadele dureroase din trecut, c\u00e2nd pre\u021bul motorinei ajungea la 36 de lei, \u0219i a criticat autorit\u0103\u021bile pentru lipsa unei strategii pe termen lung: \u201eExperien\u021ba \u0219i realitatea noastr\u0103 arat\u0103 urm\u0103toarele: guvernului \u00eei lipse\u0219te o viziune clar\u0103 despre cum s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 multiplele crize pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce trecem de la una la alta… Nimeni nu este responsabil pentru faptul c\u0103 pre\u021burile la benzin\u0103 au crescut la 36 de lei \u00een 2021… Nimeni \u00een aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 nu este responsabil pentru nimic.\u201d De asemenea, a f\u0103cut o paralel\u0103 cu criza gazelor: \u201eAm mai fost \u00een situa\u021bii similare \u00eenainte, c\u00e2nd pre\u021burile la gazele naturale au crescut. Am v\u0103zut c\u0103 au ap\u0103rut multe semne de \u00eentrebare, nu doar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te pre\u021bul de achizi\u021bie, ci \u0219i rapiditatea \u0219i secretul cu care au fost luate anumite decizii.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, pe pia\u021b\u0103 au ap\u0103rut primele semne ale unei penurii. V\u00e2nz\u0103rile de motorin\u0103 au fost suspendate temporar la lan\u021bul de benzin\u0103rii Bemol, iar anterior fuseser\u0103 impuse limite \u2013 maximum 200 de lei per client. Companiile petroliere au atribuit situa\u021bia nerentabilit\u0103\u021bii importurilor: pre\u021bul en-gros din portul Giurgiule\u0219ti dep\u0103\u0219ea pre\u021bul de v\u00e2nzare cu am\u0103nuntul reglementat cu aproximativ 200 de dolari pe ton\u0103, oblig\u00e2nd operatorii s\u0103 v\u00e2nd\u0103 combustibil \u00een pierdere timp de cinci p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase zile. Ca r\u0103spuns, guvernul a convocat o \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 de urgen\u021b\u0103 pe 10 martie pentru a analiza modificarea formulei de calculare a pre\u021burilor la benzin\u0103rii: \u00een loc s\u0103 fac\u0103 o medie pe 14 zile, a propus utilizarea valorii medii din ultimele \u0219apte zile, permi\u021b\u00e2nd pie\u021bei s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze mai rapid la volatilitatea pre\u021burilor externe.<\/p>\n

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Sectorul agricol este atacat<\/h3>\n

Criza a avut un impact critic asupra sectorului agricol, unde lucr\u0103rile de prim\u0103var\u0103 pe c\u00e2mp au \u00eenceput \u00een martie. Fermierul Grigore Vion din raionul \u0218tefan Vod\u0103 a remarcat: \u201eProblema este c\u0103 acum este prim\u0103var\u0103, iar lucr\u0103rile agricole abia au \u00eenceput. Aceasta este principala dificultate.\u201d El a spus c\u0103 combustibilul este disponibil, dar cu restric\u021bii stricte: \u201eExist\u0103 motorin\u0103 la pompe, dar limita de realimentare este de aproximativ 250 de litri.\u201d De\u0219i ferma sa este specializat\u0103 \u00een culturi perene, ceea ce reduce consumul, presiunea general\u0103 asupra sectorului a fost colosal\u0103: \u201eNu am f\u0103cut \u00eenc\u0103 calculele. Nu am achizi\u021bionat motorin\u0103 \u0219i nu avem rezerve\u201d, a recunoscut fermierul.<\/p>\n

Dumitru Roibu a subliniat amenin\u021barea sistemic\u0103: \u201e\u00cen ultimii ani, ne-am dat seama c\u0103 agricultura a devenit un catalizator pentru cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii. Cred c\u0103 aceste consecin\u021be vor fi dureroase pentru noi… Autorit\u0103\u021bile le pot spune oamenilor s\u0103 nu aprind\u0103 luminile \u0219i s\u0103 stea \u00een \u00eentuneric, s\u0103 \u00eenchid\u0103 ferestrele \u0219i s\u0103 nu g\u0103teasc\u0103 m\u00e2ncare sau chiar s\u0103 doarm\u0103 \u00een frig, dar nu \u00eei pot spune fermierului: du-te cu plugul sau cu boii \u0219i ar\u0103 c\u00e2mpul.\u201d<\/p>\n

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La \u00eenceputul lunii aprilie, ministrul Agriculturii, Ludmila Catlabuga, a declarat c\u0103 asisten\u021ba acordat\u0103 fermierilor depinde direct de buget: \u201eAIPA nu este preg\u0103tit\u0103 pentru o astfel de procedur\u0103 ast\u0103zi. Suntem \u00een proces de acreditare \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 \u00eendeplinim o serie de condi\u021bii, inclusiv financiare.\u201d Ea a clarificat c\u0103 acciza la motorin\u0103 \u00een Republica Moldova este deja la jum\u0103tate din nivelul european, dar posibilitatea unei ramburs\u0103ri integrale depinde de fondurile bugetare. Asocia\u021bia \u201eFor\u021ba Fermierilor\u201d a cerut rambursarea integral\u0103 a accizelor \u0219i a subven\u021biilor la dob\u00e2nzi, invoc\u00e2nd dezavantajul modelului actual pentru fermele mici \u0219i mijlocii \u0219i condi\u021biile favorabile pentru exploata\u021biile agricole.<\/p>\n

Criza aerului<\/h3>\n

Al\u0103turi de combustibilul auto, industria aviatic\u0103 se afla \u00een pragul colapsului. Pe 9 martie, anali\u0219tii Runway08 au avertizat asupra unei cre\u0219teri de aproximativ 30% a pre\u021bului combustibilului pentru avioane Jet A1. \u201eAproximativ 20-30% din transporturile globale de petrol trec prin Str\u00e2mtoarea Hormuz, iar orice incident \u00een aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 are un impact rapid asupra pre\u021bului combustibilului pentru avia\u021bie\u201d, noteaz\u0103 analiza. Aeroportul Chi\u0219in\u0103u este vulnerabil din cauza unicului s\u0103u furnizor: \u201e\u00cen cazul unei \u00eentreruperi a lan\u021bului de aprovizionare, companiile aeriene pot fi nevoite s\u0103 recurg\u0103 la a\u0219a-numita \u00abalimentare suplimentar\u0103\u00bb – realimentare suplimentar\u0103 pe alte aeroporturi, ceea ce cre\u0219te greutatea aeronavei \u0219i, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103, consumul de combustibil. \u00cen scenarii extreme, rezervele epuizate ar putea duce la realimentare tehnic\u0103 pe alte aeroporturi, devieri de rute sau chiar anul\u0103ri de zboruri.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Companiile aeriene au anun\u021bat la nivel global cre\u0219teri de pre\u021buri \u0219i suprataxe pentru combustibil. Cathay Pacific \u0219i-a majorat suprataxele cu 34% \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 1 aprilie, Hong Kong Airlines cu 35%, Thai Airways cu 10-15%, iar SunExpress a introdus o supratax\u0103 temporar\u0103 de 10 EUR per pasager. SAS a anulat 1.000 de zboruri \u00een aprilie, iar United Airlines s-a preg\u0103tit pentru pre\u021buri ale petrolului de peste 100 de dolari p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2027. Pentru turi\u0219ti, acest lucru a dus la suprataxe suplimentare cuprinse \u00eentre 25 \u0219i 55 EUR per persoan\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de destina\u021bie. Dup\u0103 cum a explicat Ion Alexa, directorul Asocia\u021biei Na\u021bionale a Agen\u021biilor de Turism: \u201eLegea permite ajust\u0103ri ale pre\u021burilor contractuale \u00een func\u021bie de modific\u0103rile costurilor de transport, dar mecanismul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een ambele direc\u021bii. Prin urmare, dac\u0103 pre\u021burile la combustibil scad, \u0219i pre\u021burile pachetelor de c\u0103l\u0103torie se pot modifica.\u201d Turi\u0219tii au acum dreptul de a-\u0219i anula c\u0103l\u0103toriile cu 14-21 de zile \u00eenainte de plecare, pl\u0103tind doar o tax\u0103 administrativ\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe costurile reale ale agen\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a bugetului<\/h3>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii martie, criza a scos la iveal\u0103 un paradox: suferin\u021ba popula\u021biei era transformat\u0103 \u00een venituri bugetare excedentare. Economistul Veaceslav Ioni\u021b\u0103 a calculat c\u0103 \u00een doar trei s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, veniturile suplimentare s-au ridicat la aproape 50 de milioane de lei. \u201e\u00cen timp ce anterior bugetul primea aproximativ 6,64 lei taxe pe litru de motorin\u0103, acum suma a crescut la 8,23 lei… La benzin\u0103, povara fiscal\u0103 a crescut de la 10,96 la 11,91 lei pe litru\u201d, a remarcat el. Dinamica s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal\u0103 a confirmat accelerarea: de la 7 milioane de lei la \u00eenceputul lunii martie la 26,7 milioane p\u00e2n\u0103 pe 22 martie. Fostul premier Ion Chicu a remarcat c\u0103 veniturile vamale au crescut de 14 ori: \u201eAcum sunt cu 14,2 milioane de lei mai mult \u00een fiecare zi. Numai \u00een martie, au \u00eencasat cu 353 de milioane de lei mai mult.\u201d Evident, aceast\u0103 cre\u0219tere se datoreaz\u0103 TVA-ului suplimentar pl\u0103tit la motorin\u0103 \u0219i benzin\u0103… Guvernul are posibilitatea de a reduce pre\u021bul motorinei, dar nu o face.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Deputatul Alexandru Stoianoglo a cerut solu\u021bii sistemice: \u201eA\u0219a cum exist\u0103 rezerve de cereale pentru a asigura securitatea alimentar\u0103, tot a\u0219a ar trebui create \u0219i rezerve de combustibil… Moldova ar trebui s\u0103 achizi\u021bioneze combustibil din alte surse.\u201d Deputatul PSRM Grigore Novac a \u00eenregistrat un proiect de lege pentru reducerea TVA-ului la combustibil de la 20% la 10% \u00een timpul st\u0103rii de preg\u0103tire sporit\u0103: \u201eAcesta este un pas concret \u0219i eficient care va reduce povara financiar\u0103 asupra popula\u021biei, \u00eentreprinderilor, fermierilor \u0219i transportatorilor.\u201d Sindicatele (CNSM) au tras un semnal de alarm\u0103: \u201eCre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor la combustibili ar putea declan\u0219a o reac\u021bie \u00een lan\u021b, inclusiv cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor la bunuri \u0219i servicii… de\u0219i salariul minim a fost majorat cu 14,5%, iar pensiile cu 6,84%, cre\u0219terea pre\u021burilor ar putea compensa aceste cre\u0219teri.\u201d Partidul Social Democrat European (ESDP) a sus\u021binut sindicatele \u00een criticarea inac\u021biunii guvernului: \u201eGuvernul nu ia m\u0103suri pentru a ajusta pre\u021bul final \u0219i a preveni deteriorarea situa\u021biei economice.\u201d<\/p>\n

Avertismentele exper\u021bilor<\/h3>\n

Economistul Sergiu Banari a oferit o prognoz\u0103 sumbr\u0103 pentru prim\u0103var\u0103: \u201eSitua\u021bia se va \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bi. Pot doar s\u0103 avertizez oamenii: nu lua\u021bi credite, nu cump\u0103ra\u021bi imobiliare dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 este o problem\u0103 existen\u021bial\u0103… o cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a pre\u021burilor \u00een \u021bar\u0103 este posibil\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een mai \u2013 cu 21-24%.\u201d El a prezis pre\u021buri la motorin\u0103 la 35-38 de lei, iar la benzin\u0103 la 31,5 lei. Economistul Veaceslav Ioni\u021b\u0103 a subliniat: \u201eNu pre\u021bul este \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103tor, ci viteza… cea mai rapid\u0103 cre\u0219tere de pre\u021b din istorie \u2013 aproape +11 lei pe litru \u00een mai pu\u021bin de o lun\u0103.\u201d Exper\u021bii au avertizat c\u0103 consecin\u021bele cre\u0219terii bru\u0219te se vor resim\u021bi \u00een urm\u0103toarele \u0219ase luni, declan\u0219\u00e2nd presiuni infla\u021bioniste. Ioni\u021b\u0103 a recomandat crearea \u201eunui mecanism automat de r\u0103spuns la crizele viitoare care s\u0103 permit\u0103 ajustarea rapid\u0103 a accizelor sau acordarea unor compensa\u021bii specifice\u201d.<\/p>\n

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P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een aprilie, situa\u021bia a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se stabilizeze, dar a r\u0103mas tensionat\u0103. Pe 9 aprilie, secretarul de stat al Ministerului Energiei, Vitali Mi\u021ba, a raportat: \u201eRezervele de motorin\u0103 din Republica Moldova sunt estimate la aproximativ 8-9 zile de consum – dintre care 5-6 zile \u00een depozite \u0219i alte 3 zile la benzin\u0103rii… Aceasta este o rezerv\u0103 destul de mic\u0103, dar este totu\u0219i o rezerv\u0103 pe care o putem gestiona.\u201d El a remarcat \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea logisticii datorit\u0103 relu\u0103rii opera\u021biunilor la o rafin\u0103rie din Rom\u00e2nia. \u0218eful ANRE, Alexei Taran, a atribuit dezechilibrul panicii: \u201eV\u00e2nz\u0103rile au fost foarte mari, dep\u0103\u0219ind semnificativ nivelurile normale, inclusiv \u00een containere mari… limitarea v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor la 20 de litri a ajutat la stabilizarea pie\u021bei.\u201d Autorit\u0103\u021bile au autorizat, de asemenea, v\u00e2nzarea de motorin\u0103 premium la pre\u021bul motorinei obi\u0219nuite \u0219i au restric\u021bionat b\u0103ncilor utilizarea fondurilor Lukoil exclusiv pentru alimentarea propriei re\u021bele.<\/p>\n

Pe 10 aprilie, a avut loc un eveniment cheie: ANRE a \u00eenregistrat o a doua reducere semnificativ\u0103 de pre\u021b \u00een dou\u0103 zile (pre\u021burile motorinei au sc\u0103zut cu 1,66 lei pe litru \u00een total) ca r\u0103spuns la anun\u021bul unei \u00eencet\u0103ri temporare a ostilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een Golful Persic. Noi pre\u021buri maxime au fost stabilite pentru Pa\u0219te: 29,80 lei pe litru pentru benzina COR 95 \u0219i 33,32 lei pentru motorina standard. ANRE a reamintit c\u0103 pre\u021burile sunt determinate exclusiv de evolu\u021biile de pe pie\u021bele interna\u021bionale, excluz\u00e2nd interven\u021bia companiilor petroliere.<\/p>\n

Criza combustibililor din martie-aprilie 2026 a devenit un test sever al rezisten\u021bei economiei Republicii Moldova. A demonstrat cum furtunile geopolitice se transmit instantaneu \u00een portofelele cet\u0103\u021benilor, paraliz\u00e2nd sezonul de sem\u0103nat de prim\u0103var\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103c\u00e2nd c\u0103l\u0103toriile aeriene inaccesibile. M\u0103surile guvernamentale pe termen scurt, cum ar fi limitele \u0219i ajust\u0103rile formulelor, pot atenua problema acut\u0103, dar nu vindec\u0103 boala sistemic\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cre\u0219terile de pre\u021buri \u0219i r\u0103spunsul guvernului Pe 11 martie, Dumitru Roibu, pre\u0219edintele partidului politic Alian\u021ba Moldoveneasc\u0103, a declarat situa\u021bia critic\u0103 la emisiunea \u201eSfatul \u021a\u0103rii\u201d de la Agro TV: \u201eO cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a pre\u021burilor la combustibili cu aproape trei lei pe parcursul a dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni va crea probleme grave pentru cet\u0103\u021beni \u0219i economie.\u201d Politicianul \u0219i-a exprimat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-18755","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analytics","8":"category-analytics-economie-si-finante"},"yoast_head":"\nCriza combustibililor \u00een Moldova: o cronic\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor economice - MLD-Index<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00cenceputul lunii martie 2026 a marcat unul dintre cele mai severe \u0219ocuri energetice din ultimii ani pentru Republica Moldova. 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