{"id":2595,"date":"2023-02-13T14:00:47","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T11:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/?p=2595"},"modified":"2023-02-21T15:32:06","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T12:32:06","slug":"integrarea-europeana-va-rezolva-problemele-republicii-moldova-sau-va-crea-altele-noi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/integrarea-europeana-va-rezolva-problemele-republicii-moldova-sau-va-crea-altele-noi\/","title":{"rendered":"Integrarea European\u0103 va rezolva problemele Republicii Moldova sau va crea altele noi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce spunem despre aderarea la UE?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce a intrat \u00een statutul de stat candidat la aderarea la Uniunea European\u0103, Moldova a primit o list\u0103 impresionant\u0103 de cerin\u021be care trebuie \u00eendeplinite pentru a ob\u021bine calitatea de membru. Cele mai multe dintre ele par imposibile p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iunie \u2013 atunci summit-ul UE va lua o decizie la cererea Republicii Moldova. Mai mult, era evident chiar \u0219i \u00een momentul primirii acestor cereri: este posibil\u0103 \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea corup\u021biei, oligarhiei \u0219i criminalit\u0103\u021bii, consolidarea protec\u021biei drepturilor omului \u00eentr-un timp at\u00e2t de scurt doar pe h\u00e2rtie. Aceast\u0103 opinie a fost sus\u021binut\u0103 \u00een timpul vizitei sale recente la Chi\u0219in\u0103u de c\u0103tre \u0219eful Delega\u021biei UE, Janis Majeix. Potrivit lui, procesul de integrare \u00een Uniunea European\u0103 va dura mai mul\u021bi ani.<\/p>\n

Pre\u0219edintele Republicii, Maya Sandu, a anun\u021bat o perspectiv\u0103 \u0219i mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103 \u00een regiunea de 10 ani. Concluziile dezam\u0103gitoare se bazeaz\u0103 pe concluzia Comisiei Europene, potrivit c\u0103reia, pe 12 puncte din 33, Moldova se afl\u0103 la nivelul ini\u021bial, pe 17 \u2013 la un „anumit nivel”, iar pe restul de 4 \u2013 la un nivel moderat. Dac\u0103 traducem aceste formul\u0103ri \u00eentr-o scar\u0103 de cinci puncte, ca \u0219i \u00een \u0219coal\u0103, gradul de preg\u0103tire a Moldovei pentru aderarea la UE este acum undeva \u00eentre 3 \u0219i 3+. Nu este \u00eenc\u0103 clar dac\u0103 aceasta este o dovad\u0103 c\u0103 republica va primi un refuz \u00een iunie.<\/p>\n

Nici cet\u0103\u021benii moldoveni nu au decis \u00eenc\u0103 o decizie: pe de o parte, conform rezultatelor sondajului de opinie realizat \u00een octombrie 2022 de iData, 58,3% dintre moldoveni sus\u021bin aderarea la UE. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, un sondaj realizat \u00een Ianuarie de Centrul de Cercet\u0103ri Sociologice SBS\u2013AXA atest\u0103 reticen\u021ba moldovenilor de a adera la NATO. 55,5% dintre responden\u021bi s-au opus.<\/p>\n

58,3% din sprijinul pentru integrarea european\u0103 este o cifr\u0103 foarte \u0219ubred\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 datele au fost ob\u021binute \u00eenainte ca \u021bara s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze o infla\u021bie record \u00een 30 de ani (saltul a fost observat chiar \u00een octombrie 2022). \u00cen plus, nu se \u0219tie ce procent din cei care au votat sunt reprezentan\u021bi ai comunit\u0103\u021bilor autonome \u0219i dac\u0103 au participat deloc la aceasta. \u0218i va fi extrem de dificil s\u0103 adere la UE f\u0103r\u0103 a adera la NATO \u00een condi\u021biile actuale.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/strong><\/p>\n

La 7 februarie, prim-ministrul Natalia Gavrili\u021ba \u0219i comisarul European pentru economie Paolo Gentiloni au semnat trei acorduri: \u00een domeniul cooper\u0103rii dintre autorit\u0103\u021bile vamale, fiscalitate \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tate. Este logic c\u0103 primii pa\u0219i \u00een domeniul integr\u0103rii europene au fost f\u0103cu\u021bi tocmai \u00een sfera economic\u0103: Republica are probleme serioase \u0219i foarte neglijate cu pie\u021bele pentru propriile bunuri.
\nDup\u0103 aderarea la acordul de Liber Schimb cu UE \u00een 2014, Moldova a abandonat automat pie\u021bele din Est. Dar iat\u0103 problema: produsele moldovene\u0219ti, \u00een special fructele, cerealele \u0219i vinurile, adesea nu \u00eendeplinesc standardele europene de calitate. \u021a\u0103rile din zona euro pur \u0219i simplu nu le pot l\u0103sa pe teritoriul lor. Nu este \u00eenc\u0103 posibil\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea produc\u021biei la nivel European f\u0103r\u0103 injec\u021bii externe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 tran\u0219\u0103 din Uniunea European\u0103 poate contribui par\u021bial la aceasta: \u0219efa Comisiei Europene, Ursula von der Leyen, a promis 145 de milioane de euro pentru dezvoltarea economiei \u0219i a energiei.
\n\u00cen plus, Moldova va primi 135 de milioane de dolari \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Ucraina de la American Western NIS Enterprise Fund.
\nA doua problem\u0103 este incapacitatea de a concura cu produsele agricole ucrainene, care au inundat pie\u021bele europene, inclusiv pia\u021ba moldoveneasc\u0103. Cerealele ucrainene ieftine au devenit deja o problem\u0103 pentru Bulgaria, Republica Ceh\u0103, Ungaria, Polonia, Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i Slovacia, care au declarat deschis c\u0103 sprijinul economic pentru Ucraina pune \u00een pericol propriul sector agricol.<\/p>\n

Influen\u021ba rom\u00e2neasc\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Conform Protocolului basarabean din 1920, Moldova, ca parte a altor teritorii, urma s\u0103 devin\u0103 parte a Rom\u00e2niei. Mul\u021bi exper\u021bi recunosc c\u0103 acest lucru s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat de fapt, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 documentul nu a fost niciodat\u0103 ratificat.
\nLimba moldoveneasc\u0103 a fost \u00een practic\u0103 o versiune literar\u0103 a limbii rom\u00e2ne din 1989. Din punct de vedere economic, suntem foarte dependen\u021bi \u0219i de Rom\u00e2nia.
\nDup\u0103 declan\u0219area conflictului ruso-ucrainean, Rom\u00e2nia a devenit partenerul Num\u0103rul unu al Moldovei. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu Fran\u021ba \u0219i Germania, gestioneaz\u0103 „platforma de sprijin din Moldova”, al c\u0103rei scop a fost acordarea de asisten\u021b\u0103 financiar\u0103 \u0219i umanitar\u0103 Republicii. \u021aara are chiar \u0219i o agen\u021bie special\u0103 de Stat – Departamentul pentru rela\u021biile cu Republica Moldova. Acesta este destinat s\u0103 asiste organiza\u021biile socio-culturale, precum \u0219i micile afaceri rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti care \u00ee\u0219i desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activitatea \u00een Republica Moldova. <\/p>\n

Drapelul Rom\u00e2niei este vizibil \u00een spatele multor decizii strategice pentru Moldova, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u00een domeniul energiei. Moldova lanseaz\u0103 un nou format de transport al gazelor \u00een modul „Virtual reverse” -de-a lungul coridorului Trans-Balcanic care trece prin teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei. Oficialii „sufl\u0103 praful” de la un proiect de construc\u021bie a unei linii electrice abandonate de 20 de ani \u00een Moldova\u2013din nou din Rom\u00e2nia. \u0218i Rom\u00e2nia este cea care \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe moldoveni s\u0103 supravie\u021buiasc\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 iarn\u0103 \u2013 prin furnizarea de energie electric\u0103, gaz \u0219i lemne de foc.<\/p>\n

Nu cu mult timp \u00een urm\u0103, premierul rom\u00e2n Nicolae Ciuke s-a adresat Fondului Monetar Interna\u021bional. El a cerut consolidarea sprijinului financiar pentru Moldova, ca \u021bar\u0103 „afectat\u0103 de agresiunea Rusiei \u00eempotriva Ucrainei.” Conform programului de cooperare aprobat anterior p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2025, Moldova va primi 796 milioane dolari de la FMI, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 de 1,5 ori mai mult dec\u00e2t suma promis\u0103 ini\u021bial \u00een 2021. R\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een discu\u021bie dac\u0103 finan\u021barea va fi majorat\u0103 \u00een continuare \u0219i, cel mai important, de ce reprezentantul Rom\u00e2niei, \u0219i nu al Moldovei, face o cerere c\u0103tre FMI.<\/p>\n

\u00centre ciocan \u0219i Transnistria<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vectorul European pronun\u021bat al politicii oblig\u0103 Moldova s\u0103 strice din ce \u00een ce mai mult rela\u021biile cu Rusia, pun\u00e2nd direct sau indirect presiune pe propriul s\u0103u punct dureros \u2013 problema transnistrean\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mul\u021bi exper\u021bi sunt siguri c\u0103 Republicii Moldova i se va permite s\u0103 se integreze \u00een UE doar \u00een condi\u021biile consolid\u0103rii statului \u0219i absorb\u021biei efective a autonomiilor. Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 nu ar fi dificil de rezolvat, dac\u0103 nu pentru un punct important. Conform datelor anun\u021bate recent, 57% din toat\u0103 energia electric\u0103 din \u021bar\u0103 provine din GRES din Transnistria, alte 34% – din Rusia \u0219i Ucraina \u0219i doar 9% produce independent. O parte semnificativ\u0103 a poten\u021bialului industrial \u0219i a terenurilor agricole fertile din Moldova se afl\u0103, de asemenea, \u00een Transnistria.<\/p>\n

Indicatorii economici ai republicii nerecunoscute par mai optimi\u0219ti \u00een compara\u021bie cu cei moldoveni. Astfel, Departamentul Politicii de reintegrare a Republicii Moldova a publicat cifre care indic\u0103 o cre\u0219tere constant\u0103 a importurilor \u0219i exporturilor \u00een Transnistria. Conform acestor date, \u00een 2022 exporturile din regiune c\u0103tre \u021b\u0103rile UE au crescut cu 10,2% \u0219i s-au ridicat la 67,1%, importurile au crescut cu 4,4% \u0219i s-au ridicat la 50,1% \u00een 2022. Cu toate acestea, infla\u021bia anul trecut a fost considerabil\u0103 \u2013 13,2%. Dar, comparativ cu 34,6% din Moldova, aceste cifre nu par at\u00e2t de \u00eenfrico\u0219\u0103toare.<\/p>\n

Interesant este c\u0103 80% din tranzac\u021biile comerciale ale Transnistriei au loc cu \u021b\u0103rile UE: Rom\u00e2nia, Polonia, Italia, Germania \u0219i Slovacia. De fapt, exporturile dep\u0103\u0219esc importurile \u00een republica nerecunoscut\u0103, s-au stabilit leg\u0103turi economice stabile cu \u021b\u0103rile din zona euro \u0219i stabilitatea relativ\u0103 a monedei r\u0103m\u00e2ne. Pe toate fronturile, Transnistria se integreaz\u0103 cu mai mult succes \u00een UE dec\u00e2t restul Moldovei.
\nG\u0103g\u0103uzia este o alt\u0103 regiune a c\u0103rei soart\u0103 se poate schimba radical odat\u0103 cu schimbarea situa\u021biei geopolitice. Motivul pentru aceasta este apropierea apropiat\u0103 a autonomiei de Ucraina.<\/p>\n

Singura modalitate de a rezolva problema cu teritoriile care tind spre independen\u021b\u0103, Moldova vede \u00eenc\u0103 str\u00e2ngerea \u0219uruburilor. Recent, a fost adoptat\u0103 o lege privind separatismul, care introduce r\u0103spunderea penal\u0103 pentru orice ac\u021biuni care amenin\u021b\u0103 Republica Moldova. Pridnestrovienii s-au opus deja inova\u021biei, spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 documentul este represiv.<\/p>\n

Moldova, sper\u00e2nd s\u0103 adere la UE \u0219i la viitorul luminos care va urma, taie simbolic ramura pe care se afl\u0103. \u00cen fa\u021ba ochilor no\u0219tri, leg\u0103turile Chi\u0219in\u0103ului cu propriile regiuni autonome se deterioreaz\u0103, rela\u021bii cu care \u00eenainte nu erau deosebit de calde. \u021ain\u00e2nd cont de faptul c\u0103 Transnistria furnizeaz\u0103 Moldovei energie electric\u0103 \u0219i nu numai, aceasta amenin\u021b\u0103 Republica cu o alt\u0103 criz\u0103 economic\u0103 \u0219i energetic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Lumea s-a schimbat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Una dintre c\u0103r\u021bile de manuale care descriu o confruntare grandioas\u0103, de\u0219i \u00eentr-o lume de basm, \u00eencepe cu cuvintele: „lumea s-a schimbat. O simt \u00een ap\u0103, o v\u0103d \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt, o simt \u00een aer. Tot ce a existat odat\u0103 a disp\u0103rut \u0219i nu mai exist\u0103 oameni care s\u0103-\u0219i aminteasc\u0103.” Vorbim despre” St\u0103p\u00e2nul inelelor ” de D. R. Tolkien.<\/p>\n

Asist\u0103m acum la ceva similar \u00een lume, iar Moldova \u00een aceste condi\u021bii devine, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrea, un punct de coliziune a intereselor geopolitice ale celor mai mari state. Comunitatea de exper\u021bi este \u00een plin\u0103 discu\u021bie la \u00eentrebarea: c\u00e2t de probabil este ca Rusia s\u0103 cear\u0103 transformarea Moldovei \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 neutr\u0103 tampon? \u0218i c\u00e2t de probabil este ca comunitatea mondial\u0103 s\u0103 fie de acord cu acest lucru?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dialogurile privind respingerea resurselor energetice ruse\u0219ti sunt bine \u00eentemeiate, dar rezultatul acestor dezbateri va depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de cum \u0219i cu ce rezultat se va \u00eencheia r\u0103zboiul din Ucraina. Rezultatul acestei confrunt\u0103ri va schimba fa\u021ba nu numai a Europei de Est, ci \u0219i a Uniunii Europene \u0219i a lumii \u00een ansamblu.<\/p>\n

„Nu \u0219tim cum va ar\u0103ta UE la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul acestui r\u0103zboi. Am v\u0103zut jocul Austriei cu Rom\u00e2nia pe tema Schengen. Vedem c\u0103 Ungaria \u00eenc\u0103 joac\u0103 jocul Federa\u021biei Ruse, Austria joac\u0103 neutralitate activ\u0103, dar \u00een favoarea Rusiei. Croa\u021bia joac\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103. Germania va avea nevoie de gaz rusesc. Poate cineva s\u0103 \u0219tie cu adev\u0103rat cum va ar\u0103ta UE? R\u0103spunsul sincer este ” nu.” \u0218tie cineva dac\u0103 vreuna dintre \u021b\u0103rile UE se va opune ader\u0103rii Republicii Moldova la UE? „Nu”, \u2013 aceast\u0103 opinie a fost exprimat\u0103 de un analist politic, consilier al fostului pre\u0219edinte al Rom\u00e2niei Christian Hritsuk.<\/p>\n

La o r\u0103scruce de drumuri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Moldova se afl\u0103 acum \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie extrem de dificil\u0103. Criza politic\u0103 prelungit\u0103, o economie foarte slab\u0103 \u0219i nemul\u021bumirea popular\u0103 \u00een cre\u0219tere determin\u0103 conducerea \u021b\u0103rii s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri active. St\u00e2nd pe calea integr\u0103rii europene, Moldova \u0219i-a aruncat probleme suplimentare: nevoia de a adera la linia ideologic\u0103 a UE ad\u00e2nce\u0219te colapsul economiei, pentru care nu exist\u0103 o solu\u021bie rapid\u0103. \u00cen viitor, aceast\u0103 criz\u0103 poate fi rezolvat\u0103 \u00een mai multe direc\u021bii. Pe de o parte, exist\u0103 injec\u021bii interna\u021bionale care transform\u0103 de fapt Republica \u00eentr-un stat care exist\u0103 \u00een detrimentul subven\u021biilor. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, exist\u0103 un scenariu pu\u021bin probabil – refuzul de a adera la UE \u0219i \u00eencercarea de a stabili leg\u0103turi economice at\u00e2t cu Rusia, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu zona euro \u00een acela\u0219i timp. A treia linie este exclusiv pro-rus\u0103, inclusiv anexarea G\u0103g\u0103uziei pro-ruse \u0219i a Transnistriei. Exist\u0103 \u0219i un scenariu unionist, care este destul de popular \u00een mass-media pro-rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Jurnali\u0219tii \u0219i exper\u021bii acestor publica\u021bii sunt siguri c\u0103 acum este cel mai bun moment pentru revenirea Republicii Moldova \u00een Rom\u00e2nia.
\nAstfel, decizia privind admiterea Republicii Moldova \u00een UE va determina de fapt problema integrit\u0103\u021bii sale teritoriale \u0219i a existen\u021bei sale ca stat separat \u00een general.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce spunem despre aderarea la UE? Dup\u0103 ce a intrat \u00een statutul de stat candidat la aderarea la Uniunea European\u0103, Moldova a primit o list\u0103 impresionant\u0103 de cerin\u021be care trebuie \u00eendeplinite pentru a ob\u021bine calitatea de membru. Cele mai multe dintre ele par imposibile p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii iunie \u2013 atunci summit-ul UE va lua […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,96],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2595","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analytics","8":"category-analytics-politica"},"yoast_head":"\nIntegrarea European\u0103 va rezolva problemele Republicii Moldova sau va crea altele noi? - MLD-Index<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Candid\u00e2nd la aderarea la UE \u00een acela\u0219i timp cu Ucraina \u0219i Georgia, Moldova a fost martora unei inten\u021bii politice \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021be.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/analitika\/reshit-li-evrointegratsiya-problemy-moldovy-ili-podkinet-novye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Integrarea European\u0103 va rezolva problemele Republicii Moldova sau va crea altele noi? 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