{"id":848,"date":"2022-08-23T18:31:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T15:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/uncategorized-ro\/lyubov-po-shengenski\/"},"modified":"2022-08-28T14:38:17","modified_gmt":"2022-08-28T11:38:17","slug":"lyubov-po-shengenski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/lyubov-po-shengenski\/","title":{"rendered":"Dragoste \u00een modul Schengen"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

\u00cen ce condi\u021bii poate Moldova s\u0103 devin\u0103 membru cu drepturi depline al UE mai devreme\u2026 dar merit\u0103?<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ast\u0103zi, societatea moldoveneasc\u0103 este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 tabere \u0219i, se pare, aproape ireconciliabile: euro-optimi\u0219tii \u0219i euro-scepticii. Primii sus\u021bin c\u0103 iminenta aderare la UE este un panaceu. Acesta va permite \u021b\u0103rii s\u0103 ias\u0103 din s\u0103r\u0103cie \u0219i s\u0103 devin\u0103 o singur\u0103 cohort\u0103 cu aproape \u021a\u0103rile de Jos, Portugalia sau Cehia. Ace\u0219tia din urm\u0103 citeaz\u0103 exemplul Marii Britanii care a fugit din UE \u0219i a refuzat s\u0103 integreze Turcia. Sau ei numesc cazul Grecia, pe care nici m\u0103car statutul de membru cu drepturi depline nu a salvat-o de la implicit. Dar, s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m, dac\u0103 este posibil, s\u0103 ne abatem de la evalu\u0103rile categorice \u0219i s\u0103 numim sincer at\u00e2t argumentele pro \u0219i contra unei posibile integr\u0103ri. Pentru ca cet\u0103\u021benii s\u0103 decid\u0103 singuri dac\u0103 Moldova trebuie sau nu s\u0103 adere la UE \u0219i, dac\u0103 da, \u00een ce condi\u021bii?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

R\u0103zboiul vecinilor – ca ajutor \u00een integrarea european\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, merit\u0103 s\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem c\u0103 Uniunea European\u0103 de ast\u0103zi nu este doar despre economie, societate \u0219i valori, ci despre mare \u0219i, mai ales, despre geopolitic\u0103. Aminti\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een 2021, Moldova, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Georgia \u0219i Ucraina, au depus \u00eempreun\u0103 o cerere (colectiv\u0103!!!), dar apoi birocra\u021bii europeni au respins-o. Formularea a fost foarte simpl\u0103 \u0219i clar\u0103. Trimitere, toate cele trei \u021b\u0103ri la acea vreme erau prea departe de Europa \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te: 1. Standardul de trai, 2. Dezvoltarea infrastructurii, 3. Calitatea institu\u021biilor de guvernare, 4. Indicele de percep\u021bie a corup\u021biei, 5. Independen\u021ba justi\u021biei.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

S-a schimbat ceva \u00een bine anul acesta? S\u0103 fim sinceri cu cititorul \u0219i s\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem… cu greu. Deficitul bugetar, rata infla\u021biei, stagnarea PIB-ului, scandaluri politice, Transnistria necontrolat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 tratat de pace, proteste din G\u0103g\u0103uzia care cap\u0103t\u0103 nu numai culori economice, ci \u0219i politice… toate nu sunt \u00een favoarea ader\u0103rii la UE.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dar, tocmai \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie Europa a f\u0103cut primul pas c\u0103tre noi datorit\u0103 factorului geopolitic. Pe vremuri, \u021b\u0103rile baltice au fost acceptate \u00een UE, s\u0103 spunem \u201eextern\u201d. Au \u00eendeplinit toate criteriile… r\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare este destul de creativ. Dar, exista o amenin\u021bare real\u0103 c\u0103, dac\u0103 nu intrau \u00een domeniul intereselor Europei Unite, atunci Rusia \u00ee\u0219i putea extinde din nou influen\u021ba asupra lor. \u00cen cazul \u021b\u0103rii noastre, pute\u021bi \u00eencerca s\u0103 profita\u021bi de o astfel de \u0219ans\u0103. Dar pentru aceasta este necesar ca politicienii no\u0219tri \u00een viitoarele negocieri s\u0103 fie ghida\u021bi de interesele \u021b\u0103rii noastre, \u0219i nu doar de cele europene comune, chiar dac\u0103 acestea sunt contrare celor moldovene\u0219ti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Patru postulate ale Europei \u0219i realitatea vie\u021bii de valiz\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u201eLibertatea de circula\u021bie \u00eentre \u021b\u0103ri\u201d, \u201eUniunea monetar\u0103\u201d, \u201eSpa\u021biul social \u0219i de munc\u0103 comun\u201d, \u201eDrepturi \u0219i standarde comune pentru toate \u021b\u0103rile participante\u201d. Toat\u0103 lumea \u0219tie aceste postulate \u0219i standarde ale UE, nu este nimic de repetat mult timp \u0219i am\u00e2na acela\u0219i lucru. Dar fiecare dintre aceste standarde poate fi at\u00e2t un plus uria\u0219, c\u00e2t \u0219i un minus. In functie de situatie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Deci, de exemplu, libertatea de circula\u021bie \u00eentre \u021b\u0103ri ( mult a\u0219teptatul, reciproc \u0219i cu drepturi depline Schengen, \u0219i nu doar un regim f\u0103r\u0103 vize). Frontiere unice, de exemplu, posibilitatea de a vizita Moldova noastr\u0103 de c\u0103tre turi\u0219ti din toate \u021b\u0103rile UE. Simplul interes de a cunoa\u0219te o nou\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 membr\u0103 a uniunii poate deveni deja baza unui flux dinspre Europa, cu autoprezentare, publicitate \u0219i prezentare potrivite. Nu este deloc necesar ca fiecare turist s\u0103 aib\u0103 nevoie de un hotel de 5 stele pentru sine. Europeni, nu arabi \u0219i nu ucraineni de la Kiev. Nu le deranjeaz\u0103 s\u0103 stea \u00een pensiuni \u0219i pensiuni ieftine, dar elegante, pot alege un apartament \u0219i o gazd\u0103 Airbnb. Mult mai important\u0103 este deschiderea, cordialitatea \u0219i ospitalitatea noastr\u0103. Ce s\u0103 nu se \u00eemprumute moldovenii!<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, concet\u0103\u021benii no\u0219tri vor beneficia \u0219i de libertate de mi\u0219care. Dar vor merge \u00een Occident ca turi\u0219ti sau \u00een cea mai mare parte pentru a c\u00e2\u0219tiga bani? Mai degrab\u0103, turi\u0219tii cu drepturi depline vor reprezenta o frac\u021biune de procent din cei care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 se reg\u0103seasc\u0103 pe pia\u021ba muncii din alt\u0103 \u021bar\u0103.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Baza fluxului va fi lucr\u0103torii migran\u021bi. \u0218i s\u0103 fim sinceri, este mult mai profitabil s\u0103 lucrezi \u00een domeniu \u00een Fran\u021ba, Spania sau chiar Polonia dec\u00e2t acas\u0103. Dar acest beneficiu este imaginar, \u0219i este potrivit doar pentru persoanele care doresc, f\u0103r\u0103 a avea o specialitate sau cuno\u0219tin\u021be solicitate, s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige rapid \u0219i \u00een detrimentul unor salarii mai mari. Dar, \u00een cur\u00e2nd, odat\u0103 cu salariul, va cre\u0219te \u0219i nivelul cheltuielilor unui migrant \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 bogat\u0103. Beneficiul va fi la prima etap\u0103, c\u00e2nd cheltuielile migrantului sunt \u00eenc\u0103 minime, iar veniturile au crescut deja. Dar pe termen lung, s\u0103 te caci ca un cet\u0103\u021bean prosper \u00een timp ce lucreaz\u0103 \u00een domeniu nu este o op\u021biune.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi noroc cu cunoa\u0219terea limbii, pute\u021bi g\u0103si un loc \u00eentr-un restaurant sau bar, hotel sau, de exemplu, \u00eentr-un service auto. \u00cen acest din urm\u0103 caz, un specialist competent poate \u00eencepe s\u0103 fac\u0103 bani decenti. Dar aici vorbim de personal calificat, iar nivelul de calificare este mai ridicat. \u0218i un specialist remarcabil va fi angajat indiferent \u0219i chiar contrar regulilor Schengen. S\u0103 explic\u0103m, de exemplu, cel mai bun neurochirurg din lume, Majid Samii, din Germania. Este originar din substa\u021bia Iran, tat\u0103l s\u0103u a fost un neurochirurg iranian. \u0218i \u00een Germania, a fondat o clinic\u0103 \u00een cinstea familiei Samii. Iar absen\u021ba Schengen nu a avut niciun efect asupra celor care au talent. Iar cei care culeg c\u0103p\u0219uni pe c\u00e2mp nu se vor putea \u00eembog\u0103\u021bi cu asta \u00een Polonia, Fran\u021ba sau Spania.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A pleca la serviciu nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 te ag\u0103\u021bi de o via\u021b\u0103 plin\u0103 acolo. Pentru tineri, aceasta este o \u00eenchiriere ve\u0219nic\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 drept la un animal de companie, ca s\u0103 nu mai vorbim de copii. Riscuri de pierdere a locului de munc\u0103, s\u0103n\u0103tate. Pentru persoanele de v\u00e2rst\u0103 mijlocie, aceasta este via\u021ba \u00een dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri, f\u0103r\u0103 familie. Dar o alt\u0103 problem\u0103 evident\u0103 este eliminarea tinerilor progresivi \u0219i \u00eentreprinz\u0103tori. Tinerii \u0219i b\u0103tr\u00e2nii vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne acas\u0103. Iar birourile, precum \u0219i c\u00e2mpurile \u0219i fabricile, vor fi pe jum\u0103tate goale. Restul, desigur, pot cere condi\u021bii speciale pentru ei \u0219i salarii mai mari. Dar proprietarii de afaceri vor putea face fa\u021b\u0103 unei astfel de competi\u021bii?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Va supravie\u021bui afacerile moldovene\u0219ti \u00een zona euro?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Timp de mul\u021bi ani, nivelul sc\u0103zut de trai \u0219i ieftinitatea a fost avantajul nostru competitiv. Acest lucru ne-a permis s\u0103 fim competitivi, chiar \u0219i \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te taxele \u0219i cotele. Apropo, nimeni nu va anula aceste restric\u021bii doar a\u0219a, trebuie s\u0103 lup\u021bi pentru cota de pia\u021b\u0103. \u0218i cu c\u00e2t economia noastr\u0103 este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t avem mai multe atuuri, cu at\u00e2t suntem considera\u021bi mai puternici.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dar dup\u0103 ce reguli vor juca marile afaceri europene cu noi? \u201eReguli \u0219i standarde unice\u201d, spun eurobirocratii. Dar este fermierul sau chiar Latti gata s\u0103 concureze cu Nestle, iar proprietarul de pensiuni pentru turi\u0219ti cu Marriott? \u0218i cum va rezista Daac Hermes Multibrend din B\u0103l\u021bi sau Chi\u0219in\u0103u Autogold din Buiucani concuren\u021bei cu dealerii europeni? Sau se vor \u00eenchide toate \u00een primul an? Se va repeta istoria \u021b\u0103rilor baltice, Bulgariei, Greciei \u0219i Croa\u021biei \u0219i Muntenegrului, c\u00e2nd afacerile globale vor prelua totul: terenuri, imobiliare, orice afacere local\u0103?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00cen UE, asta se nume\u0219te protec\u021bia investitorilor, dar oportunit\u0103\u021bile nu sunt deloc egale pentru afacerile locale \u0219i globale\u2026 Poate de aceea toate sectoarele economiei moldovene\u0219ti axate pe produc\u021bie \u0219i servicii nu sunt entuziasmate de \u201eperspectivele de deschidere\u201d. „? Oamenii de afaceri \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 va fi greu s\u0103 concurezi. Dac\u0103 o afacere din UE poate \u00eenghi\u021bi industrii \u00eentregi. \u0218i proprietarii de ieri, \u00een cel mai bun caz, vor deveni manageri la fostele lor \u00eentreprinderi. Dac\u0103 afacerea nu este cump\u0103rat\u0103, \u00een ordine. pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta \u0219i \u00eenchide, va r\u0103m\u00e2ne un concurent local puternic, sugrumat \u00een bra\u021be.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Desigur, la o anumit\u0103 etap\u0103, subven\u021biile \u0219i subven\u021biile pot ajuta la dep\u0103\u0219irea decalajului. Doar c\u0103 \u00een rela\u021bia lor exist\u0103 mai multe \u0219i foarte importante \u201eDAR\u201d! \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, politicienii, nu afacerile \u00een mod direct, le vor primi \u0219i distribui. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, diver\u0219i activi\u0219ti sociali, \u00een cel mai bun caz, de mediu primesc subven\u021bii gratuite, sau chiar mai r\u0103u, lupt\u0103tori pentru libertatea \u0219i diversitatea de gen. Dar nimeni nu d\u0103 bani antreprenorilor doar pe baz\u0103 de rambursare, cum ar fi fondurile \u00eemprumutate – \u00eemprumuturi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Europa cu viteze diferite<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00cen plus, noii membri ai UE sunt acum obliga\u021bi s\u0103 treac\u0103 la EURO. Moldovei i se va spune s\u0103 renun\u021be la banii ei. \u0218i \u021b\u0103rile mici trebuie s\u0103 se supun\u0103. Doar \u021b\u0103rile mari \u0219i mai puternice din punct de vedere economic precum Polonia, Rom\u00e2nia sau Ungaria \u00ee\u0219i pot p\u0103r\u0103si moneda. Acest lucru ajut\u0103 companiile locale s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 \u00eemprumuturi fie \u00een EURO, fie \u00een moneda local\u0103, iar \u021bara s\u0103 aib\u0103 independen\u021b\u0103 \u00een politica monetar\u0103. Marea Britanie \u0219i-a p\u0103strat moneda. Danemarca \u0219i Suedia nu vor s\u0103 renun\u021be, \u00een principiu, la propriile lor coroane. Tranzi\u021bia la EURO nici m\u0103car nu este planificat\u0103. Dar europenii cer un refuz din partea \u021b\u0103rilor din Est. \u021a\u0103rile puternice din punct de vedere economic nici m\u0103car nu pl\u0103nuiesc s\u0103 se \u00eendep\u0103rteze de monedele na\u021bionale\u2026 Polonia, Ungaria, Cehia. Cei care sunt mai slabi, precum Croa\u021bia sau Bulgaria, renun\u021b\u0103 mai devreme, ar trebui s\u0103-\u0219i p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 monedele \u00een 2023-2024. Cei care se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie medie, precum Rom\u00e2nia, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 am\u00e2ne procesul, cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2029. Dar s\u0103 fim sinceri, Moldova noastr\u0103 nu este puternic\u0103 \u00een economia global\u0103, prin urmare, \u00een zona UE, va trebui s\u0103 ne aplec\u0103m mai mult dec\u00e2t mul\u021bi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0218i unele dintre economiile puternice nu se gr\u0103besc s\u0103 adere la UE, cum ar fi Elve\u021bia, \u021bara alpin\u0103 are un acord de liber schimb cu UE de 49 de ani (din 1973), dar evit\u0103 o integrare mai profund\u0103. Andorra din 1991, San Marino \u0219i din 2002 au o uniune vamal\u0103 comun\u0103 cu UE, dar aceasta este limitat\u0103. Islanda, Liechtenstein \u0219i Norvegia s-au limitat la acorduri privind o zon\u0103 economic\u0103 comun\u0103 cu UE. Toate cele 3 acorduri au fost \u00eencheiate \u00een 1994 \u0219i integrarea european\u0103 s-a oprit aici.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0218i re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 vorbim despre \u021b\u0103rile cu cel mai \u00eenalt nivel de trai.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ca urmare, avem urm\u0103toarele. Integrarea deplin\u0103 \u00een zona EURO este benefic\u0103 pentru locomotivele industriale din Europa. Germania, Fran\u021ba, Italia. Aceste \u021b\u0103ri doresc s\u0103-\u0219i extind\u0103 produc\u021bia \u00een UE \u0219i s\u0103-\u0219i construiasc\u0103 puterea economic\u0103.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Unele dintre \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate mai pu\u021bin puternice, cum ar fi Danemarca sau Suedia, \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 libertatea financiar\u0103. \u021a\u0103rile de recuperare din fostul bloc sovietic precum Polonia, Republica Ceh\u0103, Ungaria nu se gr\u0103besc \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i protejeaz\u0103 pie\u021bele, precum \u0219i orice mi\u0219care de a \u00eent\u00e2lni UE, doar \u00een schimbul subven\u021biilor \u0219i beneficiilor. Mici \u021b\u0103ri bogate, cum ar fi Elve\u021bia, San Morino \u0219i Liechtenstein, se feresc de integrarea deplin\u0103 ca o chestiune de principiu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0218i doar cei mai slabi accept\u0103 pe deplin toate cerin\u021bele Comisiei Europene, dar pot deveni dependen\u021bi precum Grecia, Cipru, care au supravie\u021buit deja crizei financiare \u0219i bancare, sau Italia, pentru care aceste teste urmeaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 vin\u0103.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Despre ce am vorbit at\u00e2t de mult \u0219i \u00een detaliu mai sus: apartenen\u021ba la UE nu este egal\u0103 cu succes. Nu este man\u0103 din cer. Po\u021bi fi o Elve\u021bie prosper\u0103. Sau poate Bulgaria cu o economie stagnat\u0103 sau Grecia cu o problem\u0103 permanent\u0103 nerezolvat\u0103 a crizei datoriilor. Drept urmare, fiecare \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i politicienii s\u0103i trebuie s\u0103 se ghideze \u00een primul r\u00e2nd dup\u0103 interesele \u021b\u0103rii lor. Nu ar trebui s\u0103 fugi\u021bi de UE, dar nici s\u0103 nu caza\u021bi necugetat \u00een bra\u021bele ei. De cealalt\u0103 parte a grani\u021bei, ei \u0219tiu \u0219i s\u0103 numere bani, iar afacerile acolo sunt foarte dure.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen ce condi\u021bii poate Moldova s\u0103 devin\u0103 membru cu drepturi depline al UE mai devreme\u2026 dar merit\u0103? Ast\u0103zi, societatea moldoveneasc\u0103 este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 tabere \u0219i, se pare, aproape ireconciliabile: euro-optimi\u0219tii \u0219i euro-scepticii. Primii sus\u021bin c\u0103 iminenta aderare la UE este un panaceu. Acesta va permite \u021b\u0103rii s\u0103 ias\u0103 din s\u0103r\u0103cie \u0219i s\u0103 devin\u0103 o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,96],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-848","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analytics","8":"category-analytics-politica"},"yoast_head":"\nDragoste \u00een modul Schengen - MLD-Index<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/analitika\/lyubov-po-shengenski\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dragoste \u00een modul Schengen - MLD-Index\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen ce condi\u021bii poate Moldova s\u0103 devin\u0103 membru cu drepturi depline al UE mai devreme\u2026 dar merit\u0103? Ast\u0103zi, societatea moldoveneasc\u0103 este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 tabere \u0219i, se pare, aproape ireconciliabile: euro-optimi\u0219tii \u0219i euro-scepticii. Primii sus\u021bin c\u0103 iminenta aderare la UE este un panaceu. 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