{"id":9661,"date":"2024-08-28T14:00:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T11:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/?p=9661"},"modified":"2024-09-08T19:06:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-08T16:06:31","slug":"influenta-fmi-si-a-bancii-mondiale-asupra-economiei-moldovei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/influenta-fmi-si-a-bancii-mondiale-asupra-economiei-moldovei\/","title":{"rendered":"Influen\u021ba FMI \u0219i a B\u0103ncii Mondiale asupra economiei Moldovei"},"content":{"rendered":"

Situa\u021bia economic\u0103 \u0219i datoria public\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea datoriei publice a Moldovei este unul dintre principalele subiecte \u00een discu\u021biile despre cooperarea cu institu\u021biile financiare interna\u021bionale. Fostul premier Ion Chicu relateaz\u0103 pe re\u021belele sale de socializare c\u0103 \u00een 2023, datoria public\u0103 a crescut cu 9,34 miliarde lei (527 milioane dolari), ating\u00e2nd un nivel record de 37,9% din PIB. \u201eDeoarece \u00een cele 36 de luni de mandat preziden\u021bial al Maiei Sandu, datoria public\u0103 a crescut cu exact 36 de miliarde de lei (2 miliarde de dolari), iar \u00eemprumuturile au fost acordate la dob\u00e2nzi uria\u0219e at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200b\u021bar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, \u00een 2023 statul a trebuit s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 doar dob\u00e2nd\u0103. \u0219i comisioane de peste 5,3 miliarde lei (299 milioane dolari) \u2013 de 2 ori mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200b2022\u201d, subliniaz\u0103 Chicu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen interviul s\u0103u, Kiku subliniaz\u0103 \u0219i ratele mari ale dob\u00e2nzilor la creditele primite at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200b\u021bar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate. El critic\u0103 FMI \u0219i Banca Mondial\u0103 pentru cerin\u021bele stricte \u0219i influen\u021ba lor asupra politicii economice a \u021b\u0103rii. \u201e\u00centotdeauna vin cu revendic\u0103rile lor \u0219i spun: \u00eenchide \u0219colile, cre\u0219te tarifele la utilit\u0103\u021bi, iar tu ridici m\u00e2na \u0219i spui da\u201d, a spus Chicu.<\/p>\n

Influen\u021b\u0103 politic\u0103 \u0219i reforme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nici influen\u021ba institu\u021biilor financiare interna\u021bionale asupra sistemului politic al Republicii Moldova nu trece neobservat\u0103. \u00cen 2020, c\u00e2nd Chicu era premier, a criticat politica FMI de modificare a legii B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale, care a instituit imunitatea func\u021bionarilor acesteia. Chicu \u0219i-a exprimat \u00eengrijorarea c\u0103 acest lucru ar putea duce la impunitate, amintind de scandalul bancar din 2014. \u201eNu am vrut s\u0103 facem asta pentru c\u0103 ne-am amintit de 2014 c\u00e2nd a existat o \u00een\u0219el\u0103torie bancar\u0103 \u0219i legea promovat\u0103 de FMI a fost c\u0103 ei nu sunt responsabili pentru ac\u021biunile lor\u201d, a men\u021bionat el.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen decembrie 2023, parlamentul moldovean a numit-o pe Anca Draga, fostul ministru rom\u00e2n de finan\u021be, \u00een fruntea B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale a Moldovei (BNM), \u00een ciuda criticilor \u0219i rezisten\u021bei multor for\u021be politice. Chicu a numit acest proces un exemplu indicativ de presiune politic\u0103 \u0219i de influen\u021b\u0103 a institu\u021biilor interna\u021bionale: \u201e\u00cen ochii mei, ei (FMI) au e\u0219uat irevocabil \u00een decembrie 2023, pentru c\u0103 FMI, care este preocupat \u00een special de independen\u021ba sistemului bancar \u0219i a Banca Na\u021bional\u0103, \u00een calitate de regulator, a t\u0103cut c\u00e2nd aceste frumuse\u021bi l-au \u00eenl\u0103turat pe managerul B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale \u0219i l-au adus pe acesta din Rom\u00e2nia (Anca Draga).<\/p>\n

Trebuie spus c\u0103 Anca Dragu a lucrat mai bine de 15 ani la Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei \u0219i la Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional. Este unul dintre cei trei politicieni rom\u00e2ni care de\u021bin func\u021bii cheie \u00een Republica Moldova: \u00een aprilie 2023, Uniunea European\u0103 l-a numit pe diplomatul rom\u00e2n Cosmin Dinescu \u00een func\u021bia de \u0219ef al Misiunii UE \u00een Republica Moldova \u0219i \u0219eful Serviciului de Prevenire \u0219i Combatere al Republicii Moldova. de Sp\u0103lare a Banilor, Daniel-Marius Staicu, a condus anterior un institut similar din Rom\u00e2nia. O serie de exper\u021bi consider\u0103 c\u0103 acest lucru indic\u0103 \u00een mod direct influen\u021ba Rom\u00e2niei asupra principalelor institu\u021bii financiare din Moldova.<\/p>\n

Efecte pozitive \u0219i perspective<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda criticilor, cooperarea cu FMI \u0219i Banca Mondial\u0103 aduce, de asemenea, rezultate pozitive. Pre\u0219edintele BNM, Anca Dr\u0103gu, a men\u021bionat c\u0103 cooperarea cu FMI a contribuit la avansarea reformelor \u00een sectorul financiar \u0219i la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea reglement\u0103rii \u0219i supravegherii bancare. Dragu a subliniat: \u201eCooperarea cu FMI ne-a ajutat s\u0103 avans\u0103m reformele \u00een diverse domenii, inclusiv \u00een sectorul financiar. Am reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bim reglementarea \u0219i supravegherea bancar\u0103, oferind condi\u021bii favorabile dezvolt\u0103rii sectorului bancar. Sprijinul oferit de FMI ajut\u0103 la promovarea \u0219i implementarea reformelor economice, ceea ce se reflect\u0103 \u00een \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii vie\u021bii cet\u0103\u021benilor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Deputatul Radu Marian a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it cifre: potrivit acestuia, 73% din to\u021bi banii furniza\u021bi din afar\u0103 Moldovei \u00een ultimii 11 ani \u201eau sosit din 2021, c\u00e2nd Maia Sandu a devenit pre\u0219edinte\u201d. \u201eTo\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 finan\u021bare extern\u0103 va fi dificil s\u0103 ne dezvolt\u0103m rapid \u0219i s\u0103 tr\u0103im conform standardelor UE. Suntem o \u021bar\u0103 mic\u0103, care nu dispune de resurse naturale, precum petrol, gaze naturale, care ar putea fi v\u00e2ndute altor state\u201d, a explicat Radu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00cen cadrul \u00eent\u00e2lnirii din iulie a fondatorilor Fondului Monetar Interna\u021bional \u0219i ai B\u0103ncii Mondiale, Vicepre\u0219edintele BM pentru Europa \u0219i Asia Central\u0103 Antonella Bassani \u0219i-a exprimat disponibilitatea de a continua finan\u021barea proiectelor \u00een Moldova: \u201eV\u0103 vom oferi sprijin deplin: financiar, tehnic. \u0219i expert, pentru a v\u0103 ajuta \u00een domeniile prioritare\u201d .<\/p>\n

Pu\u021bin mai devreme, Comitetul executiv al FMI a finalizat o evaluare a utiliz\u0103rii banilor aloca\u021bi Moldovei \u00een cadrul Facilit\u0103\u021bii extinse de credit (ECF\/EFF). Acest lucru a f\u0103cut posibil\u0103 plata imediat\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii noastre aproximativ 175,2 milioane de dolari. \u201eAstfel, suma total\u0103 a pl\u0103\u021bilor efectuate \u00een cadrul programelor actuale va fi de circa 636,5 milioane dolari\u201d, a men\u021bionat \u0219efa misiunii FMI \u00een Moldova, Clara Mira.<\/p>\n

Critici \u0219i provoc\u0103ri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen mai 2024, Banca Mondial\u0103 a prezis c\u0103 raportul datoriei Moldovei-PIB va sc\u0103dea sub 30% p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2033. Potrivit estim\u0103rilor FMI, PIB-ul pe cap de locuitor \u00een Moldova va ajunge la 7.500 de dolari \u00een 2024 \u0219i va dep\u0103\u0219i 10.000 de dolari \u00een 2027, indic\u00e2nd poten\u021bialul de cre\u0219tere economic\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, nu toat\u0103 lumea vede doar aspecte pozitive \u00een cooperarea cu institu\u021biile financiare interna\u021bionale. Ion Chicu subliniaz\u0103 provoc\u0103rile economice grave cu care se confrunt\u0103 Moldova. El observ\u0103 c\u0103 institu\u021biile financiare interna\u021bionale pun adesea obiectivele politice mai presus de interesele economice ale \u021b\u0103rii. \u201eSunt institu\u021bii care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eembine interesele geopolitice \u0219i latura economic\u0103\u201d, subliniaz\u0103 Chicu.<\/p>\n

O aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 \u00een acest proces este acordat\u0103 problemei independen\u021bei B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale a Moldovei (BNM), care a fost deja criticat\u0103 de mai multe ori de c\u0103tre opozi\u021bie. \u00cen iulie 2024, Parlamentul a adoptat un proiect de lege de modificare a procedurilor administrative efectuate de BNM, care a fost elaborat \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de recomand\u0103rile Fondului Monetar Interna\u021bional. Proiectul de lege \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te independen\u021ba BNM \u0219i interzice membrilor organelor de conducere ale BNM \u0219i angaja\u021bilor BNM s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103 ac\u021biuni la capitalul social al organiza\u021biilor supravegheate. Potrivit parlamentarilor, acest lucru ar trebui s\u0103 previn\u0103 poten\u021biale conflicte de interese.<\/p>\n

Perspective economice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Perspectivele economice ale Moldovei r\u0103m\u00e2n incerte, mai ales \u00een contextul conflictului \u00een curs din Ucraina \u0219i a consecin\u021belor economice asociate. Redresarea economic\u0103 este lent\u0103, ceea ce este recunoscut de exper\u021bii financiari interna\u021bionali. \u00cen mai 2024, \u0219efa misiunii FMI \u00een Moldova, Clara Mira, nota: \u201eRedresarea economiei moldovene\u0219ti este mai lent\u0103 dec\u00e2t se a\u0219tepta, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u201eefectele secundare\u201d ale conflictului Rusiei din Ucraina continu\u0103. PIB-ul real a crescut cu 0,7% \u00een 2023, sub prognoza FMI de 2% la momentul ultimei evalu\u0103ri.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Premierul Dorin Recean a declarat: \u201eCooperarea cu institu\u021biile financiare interna\u021bionale este necesar\u0103 pentru implementarea reformelor structurale \u0219i asigurarea cre\u0219terii economice. Apreciem sprijinul FMI \u0219i al B\u0103ncii Mondiale \u0219i vom continua s\u0103 lucr\u0103m pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi situa\u021bia economic\u0103 din \u021bar\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pre\u0219edintele Maia Sandu subliniaz\u0103, de asemenea, importan\u021ba integr\u0103rii Moldovei \u00een structurile europene, printre altele, prin atragerea de finan\u021bare extern\u0103 pentru \u021bar\u0103: \u201ePentru a realiza o dezvoltare durabil\u0103 pe termen lung \u0219i pentru a egala nivelul venitului pe cap de locuitor din UE, Republica Moldova trebuie s\u0103 participe la un proces amplu de reform\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 \u00een infrastructur\u0103 care promoveaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea economic\u0103 \u0219i care este rezistent\u0103 la schimb\u0103rile climatice.\u201d<\/p>\n

Este evident c\u0103 cooperarea cu FMI \u0219i Banca Mondial\u0103 este unul dintre elementele cheie ale programului economic \u0219i politic al actualei guvern\u0103ri din Republica Moldova, mai ales \u00een lumina alegerilor preziden\u021biale viitoare din \u021bara noastr\u0103. Cu toate acestea, \u00eenc\u0103 nu este clar c\u00e2t de benefic\u0103 va fi aceast\u0103 abordare \u00een viitor pentru \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i dac\u0103 influen\u021ba tot mai mare a institu\u021biilor financiare interna\u021bionale va duce la pierderea unei cote semnificative din independen\u021ba economic\u0103 a B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale a Moldovei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Situa\u021bia economic\u0103 \u0219i datoria public\u0103 Cre\u0219terea datoriei publice a Moldovei este unul dintre principalele subiecte \u00een discu\u021biile despre cooperarea cu institu\u021biile financiare interna\u021bionale. Fostul premier Ion Chicu relateaz\u0103 pe re\u021belele sale de socializare c\u0103 \u00een 2023, datoria public\u0103 a crescut cu 9,34 miliarde lei (527 milioane dolari), ating\u00e2nd un nivel record de 37,9% din PIB. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[94,98],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9661","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analytics","8":"category-analytics-economie-si-finante"},"yoast_head":"\nInfluen\u021ba FMI \u0219i a B\u0103ncii Mondiale asupra economiei Moldovei - MLD-Index<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Moldova a fost mult timp \u00een centrul aten\u021biei institu\u021biilor financiare interna\u021bionale precum Fondul Monetar Interna\u021bional (FMI) \u0219i ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mld-index.info\/ro\/analytics\/influenta-fmi-si-a-bancii-mondiale-asupra-economiei-moldovei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Influen\u021ba FMI \u0219i a B\u0103ncii Mondiale asupra economiei Moldovei - 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